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The question here is if it's a true survival kit, something that you want to use to stay alive. If so, you will need something that fish on it's own, either a kit like I described above, or a net or a trap of some sort. Bobber fishing sounds good in theory, but they do require some work to keep the wind or current from moving them. Forget spinfishing and anything that requires you to actually hold the rod, you'll most likely spend more energy doing it than you'll get from the catch.Get a braided line of some sort, one that is abrasion resistant, and very strong. Forget about nylon line, even if some fish might shy away from the braided line, the benefits make it a better option anyway. It can be used for anything nylon line can be used for, it's easier to tie and still keep a good knot strength, and it's stronger and doesnt degrade as much over time.
Get some good medium sized hooks. They dont take much room, and they're worth it. Hook the bait and toss it out freeline, and let it sink to the bottom, where most fish will pick it up anyway, make a loop in the line and put it over a branch or something, and watch the branch for movement when the fish swim away. That way you can have several lines running and watch them all from some distance, and increase your odds a lot more.
If you absolutley feel you need a bobber, any wooden stick will do well and be more practical and sensitive than an air filled container.
To improve the kit, add some different sizes of hooks and some nylon for hooklengths for the shy fish.
If you want something to bring with you to take the opportunity to go fishing if you have the chance, then I'd go with a good quality telescopic spinning rod and reel. I'm personally looking at getting a Shimano rod, coupled with a Shimano reel, I believe the 7 feet rod is 16" folded or something. Shimano is great quality, and it will last. Add a small reel with braided line and a few good spinners and jigs, and you have a great kit.
The Ronco and other kits like that look really good, but to me their are more of a fun novelty. Most kits like that tend to break at the worst time, in my experience. I wouldn't put my trust in any of them, quality tend to cost. They look fun to try out though, and maybe have one in the car.